Minimum Wage Has Caused The Greatest Concern - 1287 Words

Rent, groceries, health care, clothes, and transportation are just a few of the many things that all people need in order to make a decent living. In this twenty-first century world all of these things cost various amounts of money depending on what that individual is able to afford. Since the start of the Industrial Revolution, people were divided by a thin line that separated the wealthy from the poor, a line that still exists today. It is said that money makes the world go ‘round yet so many people have plenty of it while others find it hard to come by. Throughout history government has tried to put a limit on a wage that they believe would best provide an individual with the bare necessities of life, unfortunately, with the modernizing†¦show more content†¦This wage was only twenty-five cents which was implemented to give all workers of that time fair working standards. Since then the national amount of minimum wage has increased, the latest increase being from $5. 15 to the current $7.25 back in the summer of 2009. These changes in wages were made to adjust wages according to the amount of inflation issues of that particular time. When there is inflation prices of goods increase while wages stay the same, therefore, making it harder for a person living on minimum wage to afford the minor goods they need to survive. However, the primary reason for minimum wage is that since it serves as a wage floor there is leeway to create more economic growth and reduce the poverty level here in the United States. Now after raising the minimum wage to $7.25 six years ago, there has been a great deal of inflation between then and now that has pushed the issue of raising it once again. This particular issue has led to a serious debate that has divided economists into a 50/50 on going disagreement. Since there are already so many problems with the current minimum wage and even more problems that can occur if it was to be increased economist have taken many dif ferent aspects into consideration. About half of the economist studying this issue believe that while increasing the minimum wage can be beneficial, the current $7.25 minimum wage should not be increased due to the reasons

The Environmental Issue of Overpopulation Free Essays

The Environmental Issue of Overpopulation Jakira West June 10, 2012 The Environmental Issue of Overpopulation As time passes and our world’s population continues to grow, overpopulation is becoming a very serious issue deserving of the upmost acknowledgement and consideration. Throughout history crowding of the earth and the overuse of the world’s natural resources has hardly been a main concern. Today however, with a population of 7 billion people and counting, the diminishment of the earth’s resources has become a more serious issue than ever before. We will write a custom essay sample on The Environmental Issue of Overpopulation or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to the Environmental Protection Agency, overpopulation occurs when a population’s density exceeds the capacity of the environment to supply the health requirements of an individual. In other words, overpopulation happens when the amount of individuals exceeds the amount of resources the individuals require in order to satisfy their most basic needs. Overpopulation has become an issue because our earth can only provide so much for the sustainment of every human life. In the past, more industrialized and populated countries have been main contributors to the pollution and plundering of the Earth. The United Nations reports that population increases have slowed and even stopped in places such as North America, Japan, and Europe. Still, the growth in population of places such as sub-Saharan Africa and south and western Asia has been a significant factor in the increase of the world’s population. â€Å"Industrialized countries in the past have done their share of plundering and polluting. But today most such problems occur in developing countries commonly called the Third World, which also happen to be the areas of greatest population growth† (Nat Geo). The global population rises at the rate of 78 million people per year. A problem within the problem of overpopulation is the fact that the fastest growing countries are the least able to afford their large populations. â€Å"Africa’s population has tripled since 1960 and continues to grow the fastest. Europe had twice as many people as Africa in 1960. By 2050 experts estimate there will be three times as many Africans as Europeans† (Nat Geo). The idea of more people may not seem like a big deal, but it is a huge deal when everyone’s most basic needs cannot be met because there are too many people. The United Nations believes that as the 21st century approaches, more than a billion people will lack their most basic needs. Nearly three-fifths of the 4. 8 people in developing countries lack sanitation and other needs as it is. In 1798, British economist Thomas Malthus proposed the theory that population growth would surpass that ability to produce food, and this, he said, would lead to war, famine, and disease (Nat Geo). Pollution, exploitation of natural resources, and deforestation are just a few of the effects of overpopulation. Another negative aspect of overpopulation is the issue of waste management. More people means more waste, and more waste means that a serious innovation in waste management must occur. Otherwise the poor management of waste will lead to massive disease outbreaks. Besides this, more waste also means more pollution. Every year the United Nations observes a World Population Day. On this day there is great fanfare, the government officials issues statements regarding depopulation programs, and the media has a field day with the talk of depopulation methods. Many people are apprehensive in regards to the subject of overpopulation and some blame overpopulation as the real cause for poverty and underdevelopment. However, there are those that don’t view the subject as a threat and that the facts should be thoroughly reviewed before making such claims. Doug Allen, dean of the school of Architecture at Georgia Institute of Technology, believes that overpopulation isn’t a serious concern seeing as how architects and urban design experts don’t even consider the theory when they build their models. He also goes on to cite the falling birthrates in urban populations such as Italy as further proof. Many researchers have claimed that the problem is not too many people and that contrary to popular belief, world population growth is actually declining. According to UN figures, the 79 countries that comprise 40 percent of the world’s population now have fertility rates too low to prevent population decline. According to Dr. Osterfeld of St. Joseph’s College in Rensselaer, Indiana, â€Å"by meaningful measure the world is actually becoming relatively less populated (Jan). Despite the belief that the world is not becoming overpopulated, the world’s population has been increasing since the eighteenth century. Population has risen six-fold in the past 200 years and this has been made possible by explosions in productivity, resources food, information, communications, science, and medicine. Supposedly, the six-fold increase is thus dwarfed by the eighty-fold in world output during the same 200-year period. The current overpopulation hysteria began in the sixties with Paul Ehrlich who wrote the book â€Å"The Population Bomb† and frightened millions with prophesies of starvation, death, and destruction (Jan). Ehrlich predicted increases in famine, dwindling and rising expenses of natural resources, piles of waste, and environmental destruction, all of which are occurring as we speak. According to the U. S. Census Bureau’s International Data Base, by the year 2050, India will replace China as the world’s most populated country (Hoevel). This will happen as a result of each country’s rapid population growth rate. If India and China continue to grow at their current rates, their countries will become overpopulated and their resources will become jeopardized. The president of the Population Institute, Lawrence Smith, believes that the worst possible result of overpopulation would be the diminishment of fresh, clean water (Hoevel). I completely agree with this because obviously no living organism can be so without water. Fresh water is a valuable and diminishing resource. Two percent of the earth’s water is fresh and 1. 6 percent is frozen in polar ice caps and glaciers. A huge issue we will have in the near future is how the increasing population will share less than half percent of the earths usable freshwater. With that said, uranium will also become a valuable and diminishing resource because the nuclear power generated by uranium is used to run seawater desalinization plants (Mills). One of the biggest issues with the growing population rate is that it means there will be many more mouths to feed. As of right now, we do not have enough food to do that, so we will need to grow more. To grow more food, we will need to yield to arable lands and find more fresh water, and we will also need more nuclear energy (uranium). Potash will also become a valuable and diminishing resource because it is one of the macronutrients essential for plants to grow and thrive. Potash is a major source of potassium, which is found in every plant cell. The increase use of plant nutrients will be most effective in increasing crop yields in the face of an increasing global population and water shortages (Mills). In conclusion, overpopulation has a number of effects and will cause a myriad of chain effects. Scientists, economists, and investors alike all see vital issues aroused by the growth in our population. It is a serious matter because it will lead to the exhaustion of our already diminishing natural resources as well as disease outbreaks and even more pollution. Technology has struggled to keep up with and tend to the problem of overpopulation, yet the challenge to find more efficient and environmentally friendly ways to preserve the earth and feed the world still remains. Our natural resources must be reserved and used efficiently. While some countries are making strides within their own borders to halt the issue, the only solution to the problem of overpopulation is for the nations to come together and decide a civil, humane, and environmentally friendly way to work towards the management and preservation of the earth and her resources. Works Cited Hoevel, Ann. â€Å"Overpopulation Could Be People, Planet Problem. † CNN. 25 Sept. 2007. Web. 19 May 2012. http://articles. cnn. com/2007-0925/tech/overpopulation. overview_1_world-population-population-institutepopulation-estimates? s=PM:TECH. Hovel describes some potential effects of overpopulation and cites credible references. India will replace China as world’s most populated country by 2050. There will be 9 billion people by 2050. Highlights issues of freshwater scarcity and waste management. Hopkins, James. â€Å"Overpopulation: The Human Population Crisis. â€Å"Overpopulation: The Human Population Crisis. Web. 19 May 2012. http://www. cosmosmith. com/human_population_crisis. htm. Hopkins describes the issue of overpopulation from a mathematical and scientific standpoint. Exponential growth is applied to human population. Compares past population growth to recent growth. States that human population will reach 8 Billion by 2028. Describes carrying capacity. Compares population growth in third countries to that of rich countries. Describes nature â€Å"a the balance of existence. † Jan, Abid Ullah. â€Å"Overpopulation: Myths, Facts, and Politics. † Overpopulation:Myths, Facts, and Politics. Web. 19 May 2012. http://www. albalagh. net/population/overpopulation. shtml. This source is valuable because Jan views overpopulation from a different standpoint. Believes world population is actually declining. Recalls â€Å"hysteria† beginning in the 60s with Paul Ehrlich. Discusses poverty and underdevelopment in relation to overpopulation. â€Å"Latest Video. † Overpopulation Is a Myth |. Web. 19 May 2012. http://overpopulationisamyth. com/. This source is valuable because it also views overpopulation from the opposite standpoint. Challenges United Nations’ theory. Uses â€Å"scientific evidence. † Provides visuals. Mills, Richard. â€Å"Resource Scarcity and Population Growth. † FINANCIAL SENSE. N. p. , 01 June 2012. Web. 10 June 2012. http://www. financialsense. com/contributors/richard-mills/resourcescarcity-and-population-growth. National Geographic: Eye in the Sky–Overpopulation. † National Geographic:Eye in the Sky–Overpopulation. Web. 13 May 2012. http://www. nationalgeographic. com/eye/overpopulation/overpopulation. hml. Talks about population growth in third world countries. Mentions British economist Thomas Malthus. Cites U nited Nations. â€Å"OVERPOPULATION: A Key Factor in Species Extinction. † Overpopulation. Web. 19 May 2012. http://www. biologicaldiversity. org/campaigns/overpopulation/index. html. Discusses doubling of world population. Describes overpopulation as a key factor in species extinction. World Overpopulation Awareness. † WOA!! World Ovepopulation Awareness. Web. 19 May 2012. http://www. overpopulation. org/. Aims to solve issue with justice and compassion. Provides information on environment, sustainability, and human impacts and also covers a range of topics from nitrogen to global warming. Provides information on potential solutions. â€Å"Worst Environmental Problem? Overpopulation, Experts Say. † ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 18 Apr. 2009. Web. 19 May 2012. http://www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2009/04/090418075752. htm. Describes overpopulation as planet’s most pressing issue. How to cite The Environmental Issue of Overpopulation, Essay examples

Pornograpyh Essay Example For Students

Pornograpyh Essay Sexual morality has declined in America today. The immoral life can be seen all around us. We see it in drugs, alcohol, movies, magazines, gangs, teenage pregnancy, pre-marital sex, and society as a whole. A person can walk into almost any convenience store and purchase a magazine depicting naked women. Videos and movies with graphic sex scenes can be rented or watched in any movie theater. They have become more common than ever before. Almost every movie with an R rating will have at least onesex scene. Even Forrest Gump, a highly acclaimed movie, had a sexual act and nudity involved. Also public television has been known to show nudity and sex. Allusions are made to sex in every part of our life. Work, school, sports, and recreation are all forums through which unhealthy sexual views are expressed. One of the more predominant and obvious forums for the proliferation of unhealthy sexual desires is pornography. Pornography is displaying the human body in a perverse, sexual way. It ca n be found in film, magazine, television, on CD-ROM, and even the internet, and can range from soft-core, depicting natural poses and action, to hard-core, or depicting sex combined with violence, that any reasonable, decent, well-adjusted human being would recognize as horrible and disgusting. Much pornography is socially acceptable, with few people actively speaking out against it. Pornography can be bought at many adult or adult novelty shops. One only has to listen to any popular local radio station after 8 P.M. to hear strings of advertisements for local pornographic outlets. Television advertisements are shownalso, but not as often as on the radio. Pornography is so socially acceptable in todays society, that it is protected by the same amendment to the constitution that allows Pro-Life groups to protest abortion, the first amendment to the constitution. For years, the first amendment has been quoted to support pornography, as well as everything from freedom to protest abortio n, to freedom of holding Nazi views. The first amendment was drafted, not to protect boring, popular, or inoffensive views, however, but to protect the right of people to hold and express controversial ideas. There is a line, though. A television network cannot show images of children having sex, but it can show a naked woman, if the perspective is such that certain parts of her body are not seen. In Germany, access is blocked to certain chat rooms which contain pedophile pornography. In Denmark, the government has dropped all legal barriers against pornography for adults. Explicit magazines cannot be sold to anyone under the age of eighteen, showing some morality is still intact in America today, if not The Churchs stand on pornography is clear and obvious. The Catholic Church is adamantly against all pornography. Pornography offends against chastity because it perverts the conjugal act, the intimate giving of spouses to each other. It does grave injury to the dignity of its partic ipants (actors, vendors, the public), since each one becomes an object of base pleasure and illicit profit for others. The churchs view is that civil authorities should prevent the production and distribution of pornographic materials. God has willed that the expression of sexual ideas be within the confines of marriage. No man has the right to violate the will of God, and pornography is a violation of this will. It is an unnatural act, a immoral human act. The responsibility of the church over the matter of pornography is to be a clear, constant teacher of the faith, especially objective moral truth. We live in a time of permissiveness of moral violation and confusion. It is a time that demands that the church be a clear voice of morality and its role in society. .u8117f3ff6da8b6f77af0b320b425bf26 , .u8117f3ff6da8b6f77af0b320b425bf26 .postImageUrl , .u8117f3ff6da8b6f77af0b320b425bf26 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8117f3ff6da8b6f77af0b320b425bf26 , .u8117f3ff6da8b6f77af0b320b425bf26:hover , .u8117f3ff6da8b6f77af0b320b425bf26:visited , .u8117f3ff6da8b6f77af0b320b425bf26:active { border:0!important; } .u8117f3ff6da8b6f77af0b320b425bf26 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8117f3ff6da8b6f77af0b320b425bf26 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8117f3ff6da8b6f77af0b320b425bf26:active , .u8117f3ff6da8b6f77af0b320b425bf26:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8117f3ff6da8b6f77af0b320b425bf26 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8117f3ff6da8b6f77af0b320b425bf26 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8117f3ff6da8b6f77af0b320b425bf26 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8117f3ff6da8b6f77af0b320b425bf26 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8117f3ff6da8b6f77af0b320b425bf26:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8117f3ff6da8b6f77af0b320b425bf26 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8117f3ff6da8b6f77af0b320b425bf26 .u8117f3ff6da8b6f77af0b320b425bf26-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8117f3ff6da8b6f77af0b320b425bf26:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sex Education Essay Pornography and wanton violence in the media can blind people to the divine images, the very likeness of God, in the human being. We are made in the image of God, and to portray that image in a perverse and corrupt way for the enjoyment of others is not only immoral, but goes against our human nature and purpose, to know, love, and serve God in this life, as well as through to the next. To willingly disobey God and pervert one of his creatures is sacrilegious, and a grave offense against God. We must educate those in Catholic schools as to why pornography is wrong, and why we must fight against it. Combined, the voices of all morally fit individuals in society would be loud enough to cause the communications industry to cease the senseless proliferation of immoral content into society. Everyone must resist the temptation and notgive in to the grip that pornography has on a lot of people in this world. As it is now, in an unscientific poll, if offered just $100,000 to pose for a porno graphic magazine, almost fifty percent of high school students would seriously consider performing this immoral and unspeakable act. Pornography has many obvious as well as not-so-obvious consequences within society. Pornography has the power to ruin marriages, destroy trust, excite a person to the point of sexual crime, or create an unhealthy view of human sexuality and the opposite sex. If a married man purchases a pornographic magazine and looks through it, he involuntarily loses some respect for the opposite sex, by reducing them to an object to satisfy his sexual desire. If the magazine is discovered by his wife, she loses faith in him, weakening their marriage bond. If the magazine is discovered by one of his children, male or female, that child begins to form an unhealthy view of sexuality. Any person allowing themselves to be used to satisfy the sexual desire of another is sinning by causing another person to lust. There own perception of self-worth is diminished, as well as their perception of healthy sexual expression. Dress is another thing that causes a person to lust. If a young woman is dressed immod estly, it causes a man to desire her. Therefore, it is very important that every person dress modestly and not care what others think of their dress. When a young woman dresses immodestly, this may suggest that she is easy and some people willlook down on her. The restaurant chain Hooters is a perfect example of a bad tastein dress. The restaurant features scantily-clad women working as waitresses giving food to men who are only there to lust after them. Over seventy-five percent of the men areOn society as a whole, pornography acts as a moral anesthetic, deadening us to the effects of immoral life. Pornography is as much as a drug as alcohol is. When you get started on it, you cannot control yourself, and is hard to quit. The view of moral human sexuality is greatly harmed, when a person can walk past storefronts boasting Girls, Girls, Girls. Society as a whole needs to re-think its position on pornography, as well as human sexuality entirely. Also as individuals, we need to think about how our actions in regards to human sexuality affect those around us, as well as ourselves, our relationship with others, and our relationship with God. Pornography is accepted in the world today. Any movie theatre wont hesitate toshow a movie with pornography depicted in it if it will sell. The same goes for any bookstore which sells magazines. You can go into any major bookstore chain and see a Playboy magazine on the rack next to Sports Illustrated. Now what does this suggest?It suggests that Playboy is as widely read as Sports Illustrated. .u61e18207553716722f67c76328e3e3a7 , .u61e18207553716722f67c76328e3e3a7 .postImageUrl , .u61e18207553716722f67c76328e3e3a7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u61e18207553716722f67c76328e3e3a7 , .u61e18207553716722f67c76328e3e3a7:hover , .u61e18207553716722f67c76328e3e3a7:visited , .u61e18207553716722f67c76328e3e3a7:active { border:0!important; } .u61e18207553716722f67c76328e3e3a7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u61e18207553716722f67c76328e3e3a7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u61e18207553716722f67c76328e3e3a7:active , .u61e18207553716722f67c76328e3e3a7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u61e18207553716722f67c76328e3e3a7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u61e18207553716722f67c76328e3e3a7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u61e18207553716722f67c76328e3e3a7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u61e18207553716722f67c76328e3e3a7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u61e18207553716722f67c76328e3e3a7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u61e18207553716722f67c76328e3e3a7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u61e18207553716722f67c76328e3e3a7 .u61e18207553716722f67c76328e3e3a7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u61e18207553716722f67c76328e3e3a7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Locker Room Talk EssayThe movie industry has glorified pornography in many movies. Movies are themain source of pornography, along with magazines. Any person can see pornography when watching one of the pay channels on the television late at night. This provides theoppurtunity for anyone with access to these channels to see pornography. Many childrenhave access to this. Also anyone with a computer and access to the internet has the oppurtunity to pick up some pornography. Some restrictions should be made on these things but people say that it violates their First Amendment right. Pornography is something that shouldnt be around. Women shouldnt be portrayed as sexual objects, but as an individual. Pornography is a very bad thingthat severes your relationship with God and is a big sin. Bibliography:

Salon William Steinmeier free essay sample

Unfortunately she isnt very good at coming up with ways to promote her business or come up with new revenue streams in order to keep profits up during a down economy. 3. If Jamie wants the promotion at the Riverview Mall Salon her customer and staff relations will be very beneficial. The Riverview Mall Salon location is already well established and thriving so her human skills will be very important. She will have to keep and exceed the customer service standards that have already helped the establishment be successful.She will also have to work very well with the staff, her reputation should help but anytime you have a management change you have the potential for conflict. She may have staff that like the way things have always been and wont be very receptive to change. I think her lack of vision is the thing that will hinder her the most. We will write a custom essay sample on Salon William Steinmeier or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She has not been good at finding ways to remote, sell or change her current business in order to increase profits during a down economy. 4.Jamie should not have gotten upset in Margarines and customers presence about Holly and Carol Jean calling in sick. She should not have ordered Marianne to call Holly and Carol Jean that is not appropriate, if Jamie wants to handle her staff situation she need to make that call herself. Jamie should talk with Holly and Carol when they get back to work and see what the deal is. If they simply called in sick for a concert hey should be officially warned or if they have been before they should be terminated.Jamie should let Victoria take care of the situation with the irate customer. She is the assistant manager and if you dont think she can handle these situations she shouldnt be in the position. Jamie should not worry about losing the Mall position to her subordinate, she is the one who promoted Victoria which is a positive mark on Kamikazes record and should work in her favor.

Case Briefs for Law Students

Case Briefs for Law Students First of all, let’s get some terminology clear: a brief that an attorney writes is not the same as a case brief by a law student. Attorneys write appellate briefs or briefs in support of motions or other court pleadings whereas law students’ case briefs concern one case and summarize everything important you need to know about a case to help them prepare for class. But briefing can be very frustrating as a new law student. Here are some tips for getting the most out of your briefing. Case briefs are tools for you to use to prepare for class. You will typically have hours of reading for a given class and you will need to recall many details about the case at a moments notice in class (especially if you get called on by your professor). Your brief is a tool to help you refresh your recollection about what you read and quickly be able to reference the main points of the case. There are two main types of briefs – a written brief and a book brief. The Written Brief Most law schools recommend that you start with a written brief. These are either typed or handwritten and have some pretty typical headers summarizing the main points of a given case. Here is the commonly accepted framework of a written brief: Facts: This should be a quick list of facts, but make sure to include any legally significant facts.Procedural history: These are notes about the journey the case has taken through the court system.Issue presented: What is the legal issue that the court is discussing? Note, there can be more than one issue.Holding: This is the ruling of the court. If the issue presented is a question for the court to answer, then the holding is the answer to that question.Legal reasoning: This is a quick summary of the thought process used by the court to reach their conclusion.Rule of law: If the court applied any rules of law that are important, you want to write that down too.Concurring or dissenting opinions (if any): If your casebook included a concurring or dissenting opinion in your reading, you will need to read it carefully. It is there for a reason. Sometimes you might find that your professors ask very specific questions about cases that you want to include in your brief. An example of this would be a professor who always asked what the Plaintiff’s arguments were. Make sure you have a section in your brief about Plaintiff’s arguments. (If your professor consistently brings something up, you should also make sure that is included in your class notes.)   A Warning About Written Briefs One word of warning: Students can start to spend too much time working on briefs by writing out too much information. No one is going to read these briefs except you. Remember, they are just notes to solidify your understanding of the case and help you be prepared for class.   The Book Brief Some students prefer book briefing to writing out a full written brief. This approach, made popular by Law School Confidential, involves simply highlighting different parts of the case in different colors, right there in your textbook (hence the name). If it helps, you can also draw a little picture at the top to remind you of the facts (this is a great tip for visual learners). Thus, instead of referencing your written brief during class, you would instead turn to your casebooks and your color-coded highlighting to find what you are looking for. Some students find this to be easier and more effective than written briefs. How do you know it is right for you? Well, you give it a go and see if it helps you navigate the Socratic dialogue in class. If it doesn’t work for you, go back to your written briefs. Try each method out and remember briefs are just a tool for you. Your brief doesn’t need to look like the person’s sitting next to you as long as it keeps you focused and engaged in the class discussion.

Evolution of computer technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Evolution of computer technology - Essay Example The use of RISC overlaps many concepts in computer technology, with pipelining being one of the main characteristics of RISC (Cocke and Markstein, 2000). Pipelining typically refers to the improvement of the speed of processing instructions in a computer processor. In this concept, multiple instructions overlap in processing so that more instructions are processed. Instead of the computer processing one instruction at a time, many instructions are processed simultaneously. The processing of instructions is done in machine cycles, where one instruction is processed in one stage and moved to the next while another instruction is processed in the first stage. The main stages of pipelining include fetching the instruction, decoding, execution, memory access and write back (Cocke and Markstein, 2000). Similarly, superscalar processing improves the notion of pipelining in RISC. Earliest evolutions of RISC processors aimed to execute at the rate of one instruction per cycle, but with the in troduction of superscalar processors, this has been improved to more than one instruction per cycle. For the effective performance of computer technology, the memory that affects the speed needs to be effectively managed. According to Cocke and Markstein (2000), memory system management refers to the allocation and security of portions of computer memory to different programs. Memory system management helps in multitasking in the computer since it utilizes the concepts of pipelining and superscalar processing to ensure that computer programs are effectively managed. Memory system management is usually covered in four main concepts, with the main one being relocation. Cocke and Markstein (2000) indicate that virtual memory management should account for the storage of different parts of memory in different places, and also provide for the recalling of this memory. When a program is swapped in a pipeline, it is not placed in the original memory, which means that effective memory manage ment should tell where the program is stored for easy recall. The second concept is that of protection, where the different processes should be protected from each others’ references to avoid corruption (Carter, 2001). However, the different processes sometimes need to share memory, so memory system management should also be able to account for the sharing of information. Shared memory therefore forms part of inter-process memory, which effectively increases processing speed. Finally, memory system management should have effective methods of allocation of memory to different processes and programs in the computer. Logical allocations of the different modules in a program ensure that programs that need to share references are allocated effectively and others separated in other parts of memory. An example of effective memory allocation methods in memory system management is segmentation, where the memory is separated according to modules. One other concept that is used to incre ase the efficiency of processors is the use of caching. The use of cache memory is important since it is the bridge between the processor and the memory in a computer, so temporary instructions are usually stored in cache memory (Carter, 2001). Cache memory stores part or all of a program when it is being processed and also stores the data required by the processor for different factions. Some of the strategies used in caching to increase efficiency

Educational use of Information Technologies Essay

Educational use of Information Technologies - Essay Example The advent of computers has brought sweeping changes to the way children nationwide are learning. In classrooms across the country, todays first-graders do their addition problems behind a computer screen and middle-school students conduct research via the Internet, rather than the local libraries. The addition of technology in the classroom exposes children to computers and gives them a basic understanding of their use, but few teachers use technology to its full potential, leaving students and society at a disadvantage. Although technological advances make teaching and learning easier, a greater effort needs to be made to prepare youths for the intellectually-driven jobs of the future. Job availability in the information services sector is expected to grow by 11.6 percent by 2014, creating an estimated 364,000 jobs for those well-trained in the field of technology (U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Outlook, 2003, paragraph 22). As well, the nation is expected to see growth in the "soft skills" job sector, such as customer service positions, which requires a workforce with good math, written communication and problem-solving skills (U.S. Department of Labor 21st Century Workforce Initiative, 2004, paragraph 3). Just as the characteristics of the American classroom have evolved over the past few decades, the American workforce is also seeing a shift from manual, factory jobs to intellectually-driven service jobs. As technology continues to change and improve lives in todays global community, it is crucial that the American educational system keep pace by implementing technological advances in the classroom to improve the academic performance of students and ensu re that our nations youths are prepared when they enter the ever-evolving and expanding U.S. job market. In response to growing concern nationwide about the poor academic performance of the countrys schoolchildren, President George